choon - Long sound:
----------------------
obasan - aunt
obaasan - grandma
ojisan-uncle
ojiisan-granpa
yuki-snow
yuuki-Brave/Having strong will power
yuki ga futte kitta - Snow is falling down
yuuki o mochinasai - have braveness - be string mentally
nominasai - have a drink(impolite way)
nomimasu - polie way of telling to drink
ikinsai - go(impolie way)
ikimasu - go (polite way)
nasai - added to command someone who elder than you.
koko - here
kookoo- Senior high school
heya- room
heiya - Graounf/field/ very big area/region
Kanda heiya - Kanda region
waseda kookoo - waseda senior hig school
toru - take
tooru - go through..
tori - street/ stree in the city
michi - road/highway
Ginza dori - ginza street
kanda dori - kanda street
Sunday, September 29, 2013
Thursday, September 26, 2013
Love
Love
In Japanese the word for love is ai (愛). There are different ways you can say I love you in Japanese. Ai is a very strong word with lots of meaning.
Love you = anata o aishite imasu (あなたを愛しています)
Love mom = okaasan o aishite imasu (お母さんを愛しています)
Love you (casual) = aishiteru (愛してる)
In a previous lesson we learned the word suki which means to like. In Japanese you will see suki used to mean love. It can be used for people, animals, objects and anything else. In sentences like the ones below, desu can be added to make the conversation more polite.
Like/love = suki (好き)
Really like = daisuki (大好き)
I like reading books = hon o yomu koto ga suki desu
(本を読むことが好きです)
Often you will see no koto added. This usually is to emphasize things about something. When it is used on a person it often shows that you are referring to them as a whole.
When Japanese people tell someone they love them it is called one of the verbs below.
To confess = kokuhaku suru (告白する)
To be confessed to = kokuhaku sareru (告白される)
I confessed to her = kanojo ni kokuhaku shita (彼女に告白した)
When someone hits (flirts) on someone else, the verb kudoku is used.
He hit on me = kare ni kudokareta (彼に口説かれた)
I hit on her = kanojo o kudoita (彼女を口説いた)
In Japanese kare/kareshi can be used for the word boyfriend. kanojo can be used for the word girlfriend.
Do you have a girlfriend = kanojo iru no (彼女いるの)
Have a girlfriend = kanojo ga imasu (女がいます)
Ex boyfriend = moto kare (元カレ)
Ex girlfriend = moto kano (元カノ)
Another term that is used for the word love is koi which is used similar to ai but is only used for romantic love.
Lover(having a affair) = aijin (愛人)
Loved one = koibito (恋人)
Couple = koibito doushi (恋人同士)
First love = hatsukoi (初恋)
Other related phrases
Will you go out with me (polite) = watashi to otsukiai shite kudasai (私とお付き合いして下さい)
Will you go out with me = watashi to tsukiatte kudasai
(私と付き合って下さい)
Wednesday, September 25, 2013
Grammer - 'dekiru', wakaru, shiru
The verb dekiru (できる) means to be able to or can. It can be very useful especially when put together with other verbs.
(I) can't (speak) Japanese = nihongo dekimasen (日本語できません)
I can't (play) piano = boku wa piano ga dekinai (ピアノができない)
Can you also (speak) french? = furansugo mo dekimasu ka
(フランス語もできますか)
You can also use this verb in conjunction with other verbs to mean you can or can't do something else.
(I) can dance = dansu suru koto ga dekimasu
(ダンスすることができます)
(He) can't write katakana = katakana o kaku koto ga dekimasen
(カタカナを書くことができません)
Can you drink wine = wain o nomu koto ga dekimasu ka
(ワインを飲むことができますか)
(I) can't swim! = oyogu koto ga dekinai yo! (泳ぐことができないよ)
(I) can't do that kind of thing = sonna koto dekimasen
(そんなことできません)
we learned the verb dekiru (出来る) which means to be able to do something. The same word also means that something is made out of a certian material. Lets take a look at some different materials.
This book is made out of paper = kono hon wa kami de dekite iru
(この本は紙で出来ている)
Chair is made out of wood = isu wa ki de dekiteiru
(いすは木で出来ている)
My sushi rolling mat is made out of bamboo = watashi no makisu wa take de dekite imasu (私の巻き簾は竹で出来ています)
That building's windows are made out of glass = ano tatemono no mado wa garasu de dekiteru (あの建物の窓はグラスで出来てる)
(I) also understand Spanish = supeingo mo wakarimasu
(スペイン語も分かります)
(I) don't understand Japanese = nihongo wakarimasen
(日本語分かりません)
Do you understand teacher? = sensei wa wakarimasu ka
(先生は分かりますか)
You can also use this to show that you understand other things such as meanings or commands.
(I) don't understand this sign = kono hyoushiki wakarimasen (I) don't know meaning of that kanji = sono kanji no imi ga wakarimasen (その漢字の意味が分かりません)
Yes, I got it = hai, wakatta (はい、分かった)
Shiru is used to show that you have knowledge of something. One way you can use it is to talk about knowing someone, or knowing something.
Do you know (of) onsen? = onsen shiteru? (温泉知ってる？)
Do you know him? = kare o shirimasu ka (彼を知りますか)
Do you know this song = kono uta o shitte imasu ka
(この歌を知っていますか)
The words shite iru and wakatte iru mean two different things. Mixing them up could make you sound rude. shite iru is used to show that you currently know something or someone.
However, wakatte iru means that you are already in the state of knowing something. It is something one would say to someone when they are being persistent in telling you something, such as instructions or lecturing you about something you did. It is almost like saying "I know I know I know already!!" in English.
Another difference is the negative form shiranai can be considered rude. It not only means (I) don't know, But it also sometimes has a hidden meaning that the person doesn't care to know, or that the question doesn't matter. Wakaranai is preferred to be said when you are saying "I don't know" to someone.
Sometimes in English we would use the word know, but the Japanese use the word understand. Sometimes they can be interchangeable. Often one is more common and natural than the other.
Do you understand the road? (do you know the way?)
michi wa wakarimasu ka (道は分かりますか)
(I) can't (speak) Japanese = nihongo dekimasen (日本語できません)
I can't (play) piano = boku wa piano ga dekinai (ピアノができない)
Can you also (speak) french? = furansugo mo dekimasu ka
(フランス語もできますか)
You can also use this verb in conjunction with other verbs to mean you can or can't do something else.
(I) can dance = dansu suru koto ga dekimasu
(ダンスすることができます)
(He) can't write katakana = katakana o kaku koto ga dekimasen
(カタカナを書くことができません)
Can you drink wine = wain o nomu koto ga dekimasu ka
(ワインを飲むことができますか)
(I) can't swim! = oyogu koto ga dekinai yo! (泳ぐことができないよ)
(I) can't do that kind of thing = sonna koto dekimasen
(そんなことできません)
we learned the verb dekiru (出来る) which means to be able to do something. The same word also means that something is made out of a certian material. Lets take a look at some different materials.
This book is made out of paper = kono hon wa kami de dekite iru
(この本は紙で出来ている)
Chair is made out of wood = isu wa ki de dekiteiru
(いすは木で出来ている)
My sushi rolling mat is made out of bamboo = watashi no makisu wa take de dekite imasu (私の巻き簾は竹で出来ています)
That building's windows are made out of glass = ano tatemono no mado wa garasu de dekiteru (あの建物の窓はグラスで出来てる)
Wakaru- To understand
(I) also understand Spanish = supeingo mo wakarimasu
(スペイン語も分かります)
(I) don't understand Japanese = nihongo wakarimasen
(日本語分かりません)
Do you understand teacher? = sensei wa wakarimasu ka
(先生は分かりますか)
You can also use this to show that you understand other things such as meanings or commands.
(I) don't understand this sign = kono hyoushiki wakarimasen (I) don't know meaning of that kanji = sono kanji no imi ga wakarimasen (その漢字の意味が分かりません)
Yes, I got it = hai, wakatta (はい、分かった)
Shiru is used to show that you have knowledge of something. One way you can use it is to talk about knowing someone, or knowing something.
Do you know (of) onsen? = onsen shiteru? (温泉知ってる？)
Do you know him? = kare o shirimasu ka (彼を知りますか)
Do you know this song = kono uta o shitte imasu ka
(この歌を知っていますか)
Shiru - To know
The words shite iru and wakatte iru mean two different things. Mixing them up could make you sound rude. shite iru is used to show that you currently know something or someone.
However, wakatte iru means that you are already in the state of knowing something. It is something one would say to someone when they are being persistent in telling you something, such as instructions or lecturing you about something you did. It is almost like saying "I know I know I know already!!" in English.
Another difference is the negative form shiranai can be considered rude. It not only means (I) don't know, But it also sometimes has a hidden meaning that the person doesn't care to know, or that the question doesn't matter. Wakaranai is preferred to be said when you are saying "I don't know" to someone.
Sometimes in English we would use the word know, but the Japanese use the word understand. Sometimes they can be interchangeable. Often one is more common and natural than the other.
Do you understand the road? (do you know the way?)
michi wa wakarimasu ka (道は分かりますか)
General learning
keitai - cellphone
denwa- landline phone
Where is (my) cell? = keitai wa doko? (携帯はどこ？)Is this your cell? = anata no keitai desu ka (あなたの携帯ですか)
Do you have an iPhone? = iPhone motteiru no?
Hataraku (働く) is a verb that means to work.
Father is working with son = otousan wa musuko to hataraite iru
(お父さんは息子と働いている) Doctor works at hospital = isha wa byouin de hataraku
Where do you work = doko de hatarakimasu ka (どこで働きますか)
Machines that can transport you from one place to another are called norimono (乗り物).
Car = kuruma / jidousha (車/自動車)
Motorcycle = baiku (バイク)
Bus = basu (バス)
Plane = hikouki (飛行機)
Taxi = takushii (タクシー)
Noru (乗る) is the verb which means to ride. This verb is used when you are speaking about being on/in a vehicle. Oriru (降りる) means to exit/get off a vehicle.
(I) am riding the bus = basu ni notte imasu (バスに乗っています) Alone (I will) ride on plane = hitori de hikouki ni norimasu
(I) got off the bus = basu o orita (バスを降りた)
Here get off the bus please = koko de basu o orite kudasai
(ここでバスを降りてください)
Shopping in Japanese is called kaimono (買い物). Many Japanese people love to go shopping. When you enter any type of shop in Japan you will often be greeted with the word irasshaimase (いらっしゃいませ). Staff will often repeat this to every customer who comes in the store. This phrase means welcome and is used to greet customers.
Customer in Japanese is kyaku (客). When staff are speaking to you they will call you either okyakusan (お客さん) or okyakusama (お客様). This word is also used as a polite way to refer to a guest. Japan is big on customer service. Staff are taught that okyakusama wa kamisama (the customer is god).
Bowing is a big part of Japanese custom to give respect to someone. In any type of business a representative may bow to you to thank you for your business with them.
The verb to buy is kau (買う). The verb for to sell is uru (売る).
Do you sell eggs? = tamago o utte imasu ka (卵を売っていますか) (I) sold (my) bike = jitensha o utta (自転車を売った)
(I) want to buy these shoes = kono kutsu o kaitai (この靴を買いたい)
Buy (it) please = katte kudasai (買ってください)
The suffix ya (屋) will often be found at the end of many different words to mean that type of store. The Japanese word for store is mise (店). Below are the common names for various stores you will find in Japan.
Grocery store = suupaa (スーパー)
Drug store = kusuriya (薬屋)
Bakery = panya (パン屋)
Clothing store = fukuya (服屋)
Furnature store = kaguya (家具屋)
Book store = honya (本屋)
Department store = depaato (デパート)
Convenience store = konbini (コンビニ)
Gas station = gasorin sutando (ガソリンスタンド)
Bought it at the Grocery store = suupaa de katta (スーパーで買った)
Customer in Japanese is kyaku (客). When staff are speaking to you they will call you either okyakusan (お客さん) or okyakusama (お客様). This word is also used as a polite way to refer to a guest. Japan is big on customer service. Staff are taught that okyakusama wa kamisama (the customer is god).
Bowing is a big part of Japanese custom to give respect to someone. In any type of business a representative may bow to you to thank you for your business with them.
The verb to buy is kau (買う). The verb for to sell is uru (売る).
Do you sell eggs? = tamago o utte imasu ka (卵を売っていますか) (I) sold (my) bike = jitensha o utta (自転車を売った)
(I) want to buy these shoes = kono kutsu o kaitai (この靴を買いたい)
Buy (it) please = katte kudasai (買ってください)
The suffix ya (屋) will often be found at the end of many different words to mean that type of store. The Japanese word for store is mise (店). Below are the common names for various stores you will find in Japan.
Grocery store = suupaa (スーパー)
Drug store = kusuriya (薬屋)
Bakery = panya (パン屋)
Clothing store = fukuya (服屋)
Furnature store = kaguya (家具屋)
Book store = honya (本屋)
Department store = depaato (デパート)
Convenience store = konbini (コンビニ)
Gas station = gasorin sutando (ガソリンスタンド)
Bought it at the Grocery store = suupaa de katta (スーパーで買った)
The Japanese word for sports is supootsu (スポーツ). Western sports such as Golf, Baseball, Soccer and Figure skating are popular in Japan as well as traditional Japanese sports such as sumo wrestling and martial arts.
Figure skateing = figyua sukeeto (フィギュアスケート)
Sumo wrestling = sumou (相撲)
Golf = gorufu (ゴルフ)
Soccer = sakkaa (サッカー)
Baseball = yakyuu (野球)
Boxing = bokushingu (ボクシング)
Rugby = ragubii (ラグビー)
Handball = hando booru (ハンドボール)
Schools also have after school sports clubs that children are encouraged to enroll in. Most Japanese schools have a pool that students swim in everyday for exercise. The verb to swim is oyogu (泳ぐ).
I am swimming in the pool = boku wa puuru de oyoide iru
(僕はプールで泳いでいる)
Does Hanako like playing baceball? = hanakosan wa yakyuu suru koto ga suki desu ka (はなこさんは野球することが好きですか)
No, Hanako likes sumou = iie, hanako wa sumou ga suki
(いいえ、はなこは相撲が好き)
Figure skateing = figyua sukeeto (フィギュアスケート)
Sumo wrestling = sumou (相撲)
Golf = gorufu (ゴルフ)
Soccer = sakkaa (サッカー)
Baseball = yakyuu (野球)
Boxing = bokushingu (ボクシング)
Rugby = ragubii (ラグビー)
Handball = hando booru (ハンドボール)
I am swimming in the pool = boku wa puuru de oyoide iru
(僕はプールで泳いでいる)
Does Hanako like playing baceball? = hanakosan wa yakyuu suru koto ga suki desu ka (はなこさんは野球することが好きですか)
No, Hanako likes sumou = iie, hanako wa sumou ga suki
(いいえ、はなこは相撲が好き)
Eat with a fork = fooku de tabete (フォークで食べて)
Is there a cup? = kappu arimasu ka (カップありますか)
(I) have a cup = koppu o motte iru (コップを持っている)
Chicken is (on) the plate = chikin wa osara ni arimasu
(チキンはお皿にあります)
Is there a cup? = kappu arimasu ka (カップありますか)
(I) have a cup = koppu o motte iru (コップを持っている)
Chicken is (on) the plate = chikin wa osara ni arimasu
(チキンはお皿にあります)
bouru - bowl
furai pan- frying pan
oosara- Big plate
kosara- small plate
Relatives:
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In Japanese the word uchi (うち) is used often to refer to stuff within your home, household or family.
Our home is two people family (There are two people in my family) = uchi wa futari kazoku desu (うちは二人家族です)
My daughter is well = uchi no musume wa genki desu
(うちの娘は元気です)
The word for brothers is kyoudai (兄弟). The word for sisters is shimai (姉妹). In Japanese kyoudai is also sometimes used to refer to both brothers and sisters.
I want a sister = shimai ga hoshii (姉妹が欲しい)
Both parents = ryoushin (両親)
Relatives = shinseki (親戚)
Cousin = itoko (いとこ)
The sound go at the beginning of shujin is another polite prefix, similar to the honorable O. Go and O are not interchangeable. Shujins meaning actually can be translated as master. Because of this meaning, a lot of Japanese women prefer not to use this word.
The word danna (旦那) (My husband) and Dannasan (旦那さん) (Your husband) are more common words used to describe ones husband, especially among younger people.
Are you married = kekkon shite imasu ka (結婚していますか)
I'm single = dokushin desu (独身です)
Relatives:
-------------
In Japanese the word uchi (うち) is used often to refer to stuff within your home, household or family.
Our home is two people family (There are two people in my family) = uchi wa futari kazoku desu (うちは二人家族です)
My daughter is well = uchi no musume wa genki desu
(うちの娘は元気です)
The word for brothers is kyoudai (兄弟). The word for sisters is shimai (姉妹). In Japanese kyoudai is also sometimes used to refer to both brothers and sisters.
I want a sister = shimai ga hoshii (姉妹が欲しい)
Both parents = ryoushin (両親)
Relatives = shinseki (親戚)
Cousin = itoko (いとこ)
| Husband | otto (夫) | goshujin (ご主人) |
| Wife | tsuma (妻) | okusan (奥さん) |
The sound go at the beginning of shujin is another polite prefix, similar to the honorable O. Go and O are not interchangeable. Shujins meaning actually can be translated as master. Because of this meaning, a lot of Japanese women prefer not to use this word.
The word danna (旦那) (My husband) and Dannasan (旦那さん) (Your husband) are more common words used to describe ones husband, especially among younger people.
Are you married = kekkon shite imasu ka (結婚していますか)
I'm single = dokushin desu (独身です)
Near and far
The Japanese adjective for near is chikai (近い). The word that is used for far is tooi (遠い).
Airport is near = kuukou wa chikai (空港は近い) Is it near = chikai desu ka (近いですか)
It's very far = totemo tooi desu (とても遠いです)
His house is far = kare no uchi wa tooi desu (彼の家は遠いです)
When you want to use these two adjectives as a noun they become chikaku (近く) andtooku (遠く). This is used when you are referring to the location as a nearby place or faraway place.
He lives in far away place = kare wa tooku ni sunde imasu Bob's house's nearby place there is store = bobu-san no ie no chikaku ni mise ga arimasu (ボブさんの家の近くに店があります)
•The sentences above may sound strange if you literally translate them into English, but they would be equal to saying "He lives far away" and "Near bob's place is a store".
Airport is near = kuukou wa chikai (空港は近い) Is it near = chikai desu ka (近いですか)
It's very far = totemo tooi desu (とても遠いです)
His house is far = kare no uchi wa tooi desu (彼の家は遠いです)
When you want to use these two adjectives as a noun they become chikaku (近く) andtooku (遠く). This is used when you are referring to the location as a nearby place or faraway place.
He lives in far away place = kare wa tooku ni sunde imasu Bob's house's nearby place there is store = bobu-san no ie no chikaku ni mise ga arimasu (ボブさんの家の近くに店があります)
•The sentences above may sound strange if you literally translate them into English, but they would be equal to saying "He lives far away" and "Near bob's place is a store".
Gramer - Kara, made, naide, nasai
Made (まで) is a particle used to indicate the limit. Its translation depends on the sentence but in general its similar to the English words,
● up to
● until
● as far as
This train goes as far as Tokyo = kono densha wa toukyou made ikimasu (この電車は、東京まで行きます)
Till what time? = nanji made? (何時まで？)
Till now, Thank you = ima made arigatou (今までありがとう)
Kara (から) can mean different things but in this lesson we will only cover one of its uses. It's close to the English word from.
Came to Canada = kanada ni kita (カナダに来た)
Came from Canada = kanada kara kita (カナダから来た)
As you can see in the above sentence if you replace the particle ni with kara, the meaning changes.
Where did you come from = doko kara kimashita ka
(どこから来ましたか)
Letter from Mother = okaasan kara no tegami (お母さんからの手紙)
Kara and made are often seen together in the same sentence.
From today till tomorrow (I will) study = kyou kara ashita made benkyou shimasu (今日から明日まで勉強します)
In Morning, from 9-5 (I have) work = asa kuji kara goji made shigoto ga arimasu (朝９時から５時まで仕事があります)
To tell someone not to do something you convert a verb into its naide form. To do this you addde (で) to the end of a verb in the negative form. Suru and kuru change into shinaide and konaide.
Don't read that = sore o yomanaide (それを読まないで) Don't speak = hanashinaide (話しないで)
Don't do stupid thing = baka ni shinaide yo (馬鹿にしないでよ)
Kudasai can be added to the end to make the request more polite.
Don't eat the apple please = ringo o tabenaide kudasai
(リンゴを食べないでください)
Another way you can tell someone to do something is using the nasai form of a verb. To convert a verb into this form you change it into the masu stem and add nasai (なさい) to the end. Suru and kuru change into shinasai and kinasai.
This form of verb is a more strict request/command, but it is not rude. It is similar to adding an exclamation mark (!) to the end of a request, but it doesn't express a raised voice.
Read your book = anata no hon o yominasai (あなたの本を読みなさい) Drink water = mizu o nominasai (水を飲みなさい)
To turn the verb from into a more casual firm command you can remove sai from the end of nasai.
Go outside = soto ni ikina (外に行きな) Eat your food = gohan o tabena (ご飯を食べな)
● up to
● until
● as far as
This train goes as far as Tokyo = kono densha wa toukyou made ikimasu (この電車は、東京まで行きます)
Till what time? = nanji made? (何時まで？)
Till now, Thank you = ima made arigatou (今までありがとう)
Kara (から) can mean different things but in this lesson we will only cover one of its uses. It's close to the English word from.
Came to Canada = kanada ni kita (カナダに来た)
Came from Canada = kanada kara kita (カナダから来た)
As you can see in the above sentence if you replace the particle ni with kara, the meaning changes.
Where did you come from = doko kara kimashita ka
(どこから来ましたか)
Letter from Mother = okaasan kara no tegami (お母さんからの手紙)
Kara and made are often seen together in the same sentence.
From today till tomorrow (I will) study = kyou kara ashita made benkyou shimasu (今日から明日まで勉強します)
In Morning, from 9-5 (I have) work = asa kuji kara goji made shigoto ga arimasu (朝９時から５時まで仕事があります)
Naide
To tell someone not to do something you convert a verb into its naide form. To do this you addde (で) to the end of a verb in the negative form. Suru and kuru change into shinaide and konaide.
Don't read that = sore o yomanaide (それを読まないで) Don't speak = hanashinaide (話しないで)
Don't do stupid thing = baka ni shinaide yo (馬鹿にしないでよ)
Kudasai can be added to the end to make the request more polite.
Don't eat the apple please = ringo o tabenaide kudasai
(リンゴを食べないでください)
Nasai
Another way you can tell someone to do something is using the nasai form of a verb. To convert a verb into this form you change it into the masu stem and add nasai (なさい) to the end. Suru and kuru change into shinasai and kinasai.
This form of verb is a more strict request/command, but it is not rude. It is similar to adding an exclamation mark (!) to the end of a request, but it doesn't express a raised voice.
Read your book = anata no hon o yominasai (あなたの本を読みなさい) Drink water = mizu o nominasai (水を飲みなさい)
To turn the verb from into a more casual firm command you can remove sai from the end of nasai.
Go outside = soto ni ikina (外に行きな) Eat your food = gohan o tabena (ご飯を食べな)
Monday, September 23, 2013
Nishikasai - Week7
21st Sep 2013
kamera - camera
fuirumu - film
naifu - knife
taoru - towel
dijitaru kamera- digital camera
sumaho - smart phone(short form for sumatofoon)
sumatofoon - smart phone
houchou - japanese knife
tiisshu - tissue paper
arubam - album
gasorin - oil/gas/petrol
oiru meta - oil meter
taiya - Tyre
posuto - post
toire - toilet
toiretto peepaa - toilet paper
paama - permanent(mainly for permanent hair)
teepuu- tape
nootoo - note book
kasetto teepuu - cassette tape
shaapen- sharp pen(sharp company product)
shaapenshiru - sharp pencil
porupen- Ballpoint pen
kaadoo- card
kureditu caardoo - credit card
kopyy- copy, xerox machine
koppu- cup
suppu - soup
supoon - spoon
naifu - knife
fookuu - fork
shanpuu - shampoo
shoowa - shower
suicchi - switch
surippa - slipper
waishatsu - white shirt
burausu - blouse
nekkurasu - neck lace
iyaringu - ear ring
pantsu - pants/ underwear
zubon - pants
sukatto - skirt
sutokkinggu - ladies long socks
nekutai - neck tie
hono bakku - hand bag
onamae wa? - name ?
-----------------------------------
douzo yoroshiku - you are welcome
namae wa nan desuka - what is your name?
anatano uchiwa doko desuka - where is your house?
kanda desu - It is in kanda.
kuni - country
Indo - India
Ofuisu - office
Furusato - Birth place
Indo ni minami ni tamiru ni arimasu - In south india tamil people are there.
itsu nihonni kimashita ka? - when did you come to japan?
itsu nihonni kitta no? - when did you come to Japan?
(friendly way of asking)
kotoshi no ichigatsu ni kimashita - This year January came here.
Kyonen sengatsu ni kimashita - Last year march month came here.
Rainen - Next year.
nisenjuninen - 2012
kamera - camera
fuirumu - film
naifu - knife
taoru - towel
dijitaru kamera- digital camera
sumaho - smart phone(short form for sumatofoon)
sumatofoon - smart phone
houchou - japanese knife
tiisshu - tissue paper
arubam - album
gasorin - oil/gas/petrol
oiru meta - oil meter
taiya - Tyre
posuto - post
toire - toilet
toiretto peepaa - toilet paper
paama - permanent(mainly for permanent hair)
teepuu- tape
nootoo - note book
kasetto teepuu - cassette tape
shaapen- sharp pen(sharp company product)
shaapenshiru - sharp pencil
porupen- Ballpoint pen
kaadoo- card
kureditu caardoo - credit card
kopyy- copy, xerox machine
koppu- cup
suppu - soup
supoon - spoon
naifu - knife
fookuu - fork
shanpuu - shampoo
shoowa - shower
suicchi - switch
surippa - slipper
waishatsu - white shirt
burausu - blouse
nekkurasu - neck lace
iyaringu - ear ring
pantsu - pants/ underwear
zubon - pants
sukatto - skirt
sutokkinggu - ladies long socks
nekutai - neck tie
hono bakku - hand bag
onamae wa? - name ?
-----------------------------------
douzo yoroshiku - you are welcome
namae wa nan desuka - what is your name?
anatano uchiwa doko desuka - where is your house?
kanda desu - It is in kanda.
kuni - country
Indo - India
Ofuisu - office
Furusato - Birth place
Indo ni minami ni tamiru ni arimasu - In south india tamil people are there.
itsu nihonni kimashita ka? - when did you come to japan?
itsu nihonni kitta no? - when did you come to Japan?
(friendly way of asking)
kotoshi no ichigatsu ni kimashita - This year January came here.
Kyonen sengatsu ni kimashita - Last year march month came here.
Rainen - Next year.
nisenjuninen - 2012
Friday, September 20, 2013
What's the difference of "...tara", "...ba" , "...nara", "...to"?
What's the difference of "...tara", "...ba" , "...nara", "...to"?
(1) "...tara"= "if/when" (depending on the context) (Keyword wa "completion" desu.)
(2) "...ba" = conditional form (keyword wa "mochiron", "itsumo", "touzen")
(3) "...nara" = "case (+ if)"
(3) "...to" = when (keyword wa "natural", "automatic")
ex:
Shigoto ga owattara, tomodachi to nomi ni ikimasu. - when finished work, will goto drinks with friends.
Asa okitara, yukiga futte imashita. --Morning
(Moshi) ame ga futtara, ikimasen. - If it is rain, will not go
(Moshi) Otoko/Onna dattara, nani o shitai desu ka. -
Benkyou sureba, jouzu ni narimasu.
- Takusan tabereba, futorimasu.
- Nanimo tabenakereba, shinimasu.
- Yasukereba, kaimasu.
Ashita isogashii nara, asatte aimashou.
- Ame nara, ikimasen.
- Kyouto ni ikunara, aki ga ii desu yo.
- Sushiya nara ano mise ga osusume desu.
Amega furuto suzushiku narimasu.
- Massugu ikuto ginkou ga airmasu.
- Osake o nomuto nemuku narimasu.
- Takusan benkyou suruto jouzuni narimasu.
- Okane o ireruto nomimono ga demasu.
"...tara", "...ba" , "...nara", "...to" wa lesson de mo totemo jikan ga kakarimasu.
Note dake de setsumei surukoto wa totemo muzukashii desu.
Motto renshuu shitai nara, lesson o ukete kudasai.
Wednesday, September 18, 2013
General learning
Clothing is fuku (服) in Japanese. In Japan there are many different styles of clothing to wear. Some people do still wear traditional Japanese kimono on special occations, but most often people wear western style clothing.
In Japanese there is a different verb for the word to wear depending on which item your talking about.
To put on head (hat, hood) = kaburu (かぶる)
To put on body (shirt, dress, jacket) = kiru (着る)
To put on lower body (shoes, pants, skirt) = haku (履く)
Wearing socks and shoes = kutsushita to kutsu o haite imasu
(靴下と靴を履いています)
John isn't wearing hat = jon-san wa boushi o kabutte inai
(ジョンさんは帽子をかぶっていない)
I don't wear yellow dress = kiiro no doresu o kinai
(黄色のドレスを着ない)
Wear kims pink hat please = kimu-san no pinku no boushi o kabutte kudasai (キムさんのピンクの帽子をかぶってください)
Lets do it
The you form of a verb is used to express intention, such as let's do something or I'll do something. To convert ichidan verbs (end in the sound eru or iru) into this form you remove ru (る) and add you (よう).
Taberu (to eat) becomes tabeyou (食べよう)
You must change all godan verbs so that they end in the sound ou. Godan verbs that end in u (う), you remove u (う) and add ou (おう). For all other godan verbs you change the last syllable (which ends in a kana with the u sound) and change it so it ends in a osound and then add u.
Iku (to go) becomes ikou (行こう)
Lets read kims book = kimu-san no hon o yomou
(キムさんの本を読もう)
The irregular verbs forms are shiyou (しよう) and koyou (来よう).Taberu (to eat) becomes tabeyou (食べよう)
You must change all godan verbs so that they end in the sound ou. Godan verbs that end in u (う), you remove u (う) and add ou (おう). For all other godan verbs you change the last syllable (which ends in a kana with the u sound) and change it so it ends in a osound and then add u.
Iku (to go) becomes ikou (行こう)
Lets read kims book = kimu-san no hon o yomou
(キムさんの本を読もう)
Let's get married = kekkon shiyou (結婚しよう)
To use the form of verb in the polite form you use the ending mashou (ましょう). Attach this word to the end of the masu stem. If you do not know how to create the masu stem gohere
Let's go = ikimashou (行きましょう)
Let's drink beer = biiru o nomimashou (ビールを飲みましょう)
I want
In Japanese saying you want to do something is different from wanting a noun. To change a verb into the want form, you add any of the following endings to the masu stem of a verb.| English | Japanese |
| want to eat | 食べたい tabetai |
| don't want to eat | 食べたくない tabetakunai |
| wanted to eat | 食べたかった tabetakatta |
| didn't want to eat | 食べたくなかった tabetakunakatta |
Hayashi wants to eat tempura = hayashi wa tenpura o tabetai
(林は天ぷらを食べたい)
Wanted to read = yomitakatta (読みたかった)
Didn't want to go to hot spring = onsen ni ikitakunakatta
(温泉に行きたくなかった)
To make this more polite you add desu to the end.
Do you want to eat something? = nanika tabetai desu ka
(何か食べたいですか)
Another way that you can say you want to do something, or ask someone if they want to do something is using the plain form of a verb. This can either mean one will or wants todo something.
(Do you want to/will you) drink this? = kore nomu? (これ飲む？)
(Do you wanna/shall we/will you) go to hot springs? = onsen iku?
(温泉行く？)
I want it
When you are talking about wanting a object you need to use the adjective hoshii (欲しい). Below are the different ways you can conjugate hoshii.
| English | Japanese |
| want | 欲しい hoshii |
| don't want | 欲しくない hoshiku nai |
| wanted | 欲しかった hoshikatta |
| didn't want | 欲しくなかった hoshiku nakatta |
I want cookie = watashi wa kukkii ga hoshii (私はクッキーが欲しい)
(I) want banana = banana ga hoshii (バナナが欲しい)
(I) don't want coffee = koohii wa hoshiku arimasen
(コーヒーは欲しくありません)
(She) doesn't want banana = banana wa hoshiku nai desu
(バナナは欲しくないです)
If you use the particle ga in the negative like the sentences above, it changes it meaning slightly. It gives a sense that you don't want something, (but you want something else).
I need
(Do you) want this? = kore iru? (これいる？)
Don't want = iranai (いらない)
Technically speaking, the verb iru means to need and is used to express that you need something the same you would in English. It is also used to ask if you want something. In English this is expressed using separate words, but in Japanese it is the same word.
(I) need glasses = megane ga iru (めがねがいる)
Do you need a box? = hako ga irimasu ka (箱がいりますか)
(I) don't need (polite) = iranai desu (いらないです)
Would you like
To ask someone in a formal situation if someone wants something, or to ask someone how they feel about something you can use the word ikaga. This is only used in polite situations.
Would you like water = mizu wa ikaga desu ka
(水はいかがですか)
Would you like tea = ocha wa ikaga desu ka
(お茶はいかがですか)
Pharses:
Shitsurei shimasu (失礼します)
Shitsurei shimasu (失礼します) is a phrase that means I'm going to do something rude. This phrase is used when you are about to do something impolite. Some situations where you would say this include,
• You have to leave a room or area and someone is still there
• You are passing in front of someone
• You leave in the middle of a gathering or event
• You end a business phone call
When you say this phrase it is almost like saying excuse me in English.
Ojama shimasu (おじゃまします)
Ojama shimasu (お邪魔します) is a phrase is similar to shitsurei shimasu, except it means I'm going to get in your way. The word jama (邪魔) means someone/something is in the way. It is used when you are intruding on someone or getting in the way of things. Situations where you would use this include,
• You enter a room or someone's home • You enter a room where people are already there
Grammer - 'motsu' and matsu
The Japanese verb motsu (持つ) means to hold. This verb is used to show that you are holding something or you have something. Motsu can only be used to express things you possess that are inanimate.
(I) dont have anything = nani mo mottenai (何も持ってない)
Do you have key? = kagi o motte imasu ka (鍵を持っていますか)
Do you have pen? = pen motte iru? (ペン持っている？)
Hold this = kore o motte (これを持って)
If you want to speak about animals that you own you use the verb kau (飼う). This verb means to raise.
(I) am raising horse and cow = uma to ushi o katte imasu
(馬と牛を飼っています)
Do you have a cat = neko o katte iru no (猫を飼っているの)
(I) don't have cat = neko o katte inai (猫を飼っていない)
You are probably wondering what you would use if you want to talk about people. It would be rude to say you possess someone so instead you use the verb iru.
(I) have a girlfriend = kanojo wa imasu (カノジョはいます)
(I) have a friend = tomodachi wa iru (友達はいる)
The verb matsu (待つ) means to wait. A simple phrase that you can say to someone in a situation where someone needs to wait is chotto matte (ちょっと待って). Chotto means a little bit. If you want to make this more polite you can add kudasai to the end.
Omatase shimashita ( お待たせしました) is a polite phrase that is used to apologize for making someone else wait for you. In English it means something close to,
● I'm sorry to keep you waiting
● I've made you wait
Often when you go to pay for your item at a store clerks will say the more formal phrase,omataseitashimashita (お待たせいたしました). They often will say this even if you did not wait in line for a long time at all. This is simply a way to be polite. In casual situations with your friends you can say omatase (お待たせ).
(I) dont have anything = nani mo mottenai (何も持ってない)
Do you have key? = kagi o motte imasu ka (鍵を持っていますか)
Do you have pen? = pen motte iru? (ペン持っている？)
Hold this = kore o motte (これを持って)
If you want to speak about animals that you own you use the verb kau (飼う). This verb means to raise.
(I) am raising horse and cow = uma to ushi o katte imasu
(馬と牛を飼っています)
Do you have a cat = neko o katte iru no (猫を飼っているの)
(I) don't have cat = neko o katte inai (猫を飼っていない)
You are probably wondering what you would use if you want to talk about people. It would be rude to say you possess someone so instead you use the verb iru.
(I) have a girlfriend = kanojo wa imasu (カノジョはいます)
(I) have a friend = tomodachi wa iru (友達はいる)
matsu
The verb matsu (待つ) means to wait. A simple phrase that you can say to someone in a situation where someone needs to wait is chotto matte (ちょっと待って). Chotto means a little bit. If you want to make this more polite you can add kudasai to the end.
Omatase shimashita (お待たせしました)
Omatase shimashita ( お待たせしました) is a polite phrase that is used to apologize for making someone else wait for you. In English it means something close to,
● I'm sorry to keep you waiting
● I've made you wait
Often when you go to pay for your item at a store clerks will say the more formal phrase,omataseitashimashita (お待たせいたしました). They often will say this even if you did not wait in line for a long time at all. This is simply a way to be polite. In casual situations with your friends you can say omatase (お待たせ).
Verb set
| English | Romaji | Japanese Characters | |
| arrive | tsukimasu | 着きます | つきます |
| be / have / exist (animate objects) | imasu | 居ます | います |
| begin | hajimarimasu | 始まります | はじまります |
| buy | kaimasu | 買います | かいます |
| clean | souji o shimasu | 掃除をします | そうじをします |
| come | kimasu | 来ます | きます |
| cry | nakimasu | 泣きます | なきます |
| do | shimasu | します | |
| do a part time job | arubaito o shimasu | アルバイトをします | |
| do one's best | ganbarimasu | 頑張ります | がんばります |
| drink | nomimasu | 飲みます | のみます |
| eat | tabemasu | 食べます | たべます |
| enter | hairimasu | 入ります | はいります |
| finish / end | owarimasu | 終わります | おわります |
| go | ikimasu | 行きます | いきます |
| go shopping | kaimono o shimasu | 買い物をします | かいものをします |
| have | mochimasu | 持ちます | もちます |
| have / exist (inanimate objects) | arimasu | あります | |
| is / = | desu | です | |
| know | shirimasu | 知ります | しります |
| laugh | waraimasu | 笑います | わらいます |
| leave | dekakemasu | 出かけます | でかけます |
| listen | kikimasu | 聞きます | ききます |
| make | tsukurimasu | 作ります | つくります |
| meet | aimasu | 会います | あいます |
| play (hang out) | asobimasu | 遊びます | あそびます |
| play/do a sport | (name of sport) o shimasu | sport をします | |
| practice | renshuu o shimasu | 練習をします | れんしゅうをします |
| read | yomimasu | 読みます | よみます |
| return / go home | kaerimasu | 帰ります | かえります |
| say | iimasu | 言います | いいます |
| send | okurimasu | 送ります | おくります |
| sing | utaimasu | 歌います | うたいます |
| sit | suwarimasu | 座ります | すわります |
| sleep / go to bed | nemasu | 寝ます | ねます |
| speak / talk | hanashimasu | 話します | はなします |
| stand | tachimasu | 立ちます | たちます |
| stop | tomarimasu | 止まります | とまります |
| study | benkyou o shimasu | 勉強をします | べんきょうをします |
| swim | oyogimasu | 泳ぎます | およぎます |
| take a bath | ofuro ni hairimasu | お風呂に入ります | おふろにはいります |
| take a picture | shashin o torimasu | 写真を撮ります | しゃしんをとります |
| take a shower | shawaa o abimasu | シャワーを浴びます | シャワーをあびます |
| teach | oshiemasu | 教えます | おしえます |
| think | omoimasu | 思います | おもいます |
| think | kangaemasu | 考えます | かんがえます |
| to call | yobimasu | 呼びます | よびます |
| to telephone | denwa o shimasu | 電話をします | でんわをします |
| understand | wakarimasu | 分かります | わかります |
| wait | machimasu | 待ちます | まちます |
| wake up | okimasu | 起きます | おきます |
| walk | arukimasu | 歩きます | あるきます |
| watch / see / look | mimasu | 見ます | みます |
| work | hatarakimasu | 働きます | はたらきます |
| write | kakimasu | 書きます | かきます |
Weather
| English | Romaji | Japanese Characters | |
| clear skies | hare | 晴れ | はれ |
| cloud | kumo | 雲 | くも |
| cloudy | kumori | 曇り | くもり |
| cold | samui | 寒い | さむい |
| cool | suzushii | 涼しい | すずしい |
| fog | kiri | 霧 | きり |
| hot | atsui | 暑い | あつい |
| humid | mushiatsui | 蒸し暑い | むしあつい |
| humidity | shikke | 湿気 | しっけ |
| ice | koori | 氷 | こおり |
| lightning | kaminari | 雷 | かみなり |
| rain | ame | 雨 | あめ |
| rainy season | tsuyu | 梅雨 | つゆ |
| snow | yuki | 雪 | ゆき |
| sun | taiyou | 太陽 | たいよう |
| thunder | kaminari | 雷 | かみなり |
| to clear | haremasu | 晴れます | はれます |
| to rain | ame ga furimasu | 雨が降ります | あめがふります |
| to snow | yuki ga furimasu | 雪が降ります | ゆきがふります |
| typhoon | taifuu | 台風 | たいふう |
| warm | atatakai | 暖かい | あたたかい |
| weather | tenki | 天気 | てんき |
| wind | kaze | 風 | かぜ |
Cloth
| English | Japanese |
| bathing suit | mizugi |
| bathrobe | basuroobu |
| blue jeans | jiinzu |
| blouse | burausu |
| bra | burajaa |
| cardigan | kaadigan |
| coat | kooto |
| dress | doresu |
| jacket | jaketto |
| pajamas | pajama |
| panties | pantii/pantsu |
| pants | zubon |
| pantyhose | pantiisutokkingu |
| raincoat | reinkoto |
| shirt | shatsu |
| shorts | shootsu/hanzubon |
| skirt | sukaato |
| slacks | surakkusu |
| slip | surippu |
| suit | suutsu |
| sweater | seetaa |
| sweatshirt | toreenaa |
| T-shirt | tii shatsu |
| three-piece suit | mitsuzoroi |
| tights | taitsu |
| underwear | shitagi |
Family
| English | Japanese |
| (polite) family | gokazoku |
| family | kazoku |
| (polite) mother | okaasan |
| mother | haha |
| (polite) father | otousan |
| father | chichi |
| (polite) older sister | oneesan |
| older sister | ane |
| (polite) older brother | oniisan |
| older brother | ani |
| (polite) younger sister | imoutosan |
| younger sister | imouto |
| (polite) younger brother | otoutosan |
| younger brother | otouto |
| daughter | musume |
| son | musuko |
| aunt | obasan |
| uncle | ojisan |
| niece | meisan |
| nephew | oisan |
| cousin | itoko |
| grandmother | obaasan |
| grandfather | ojiisan |
| granchild | mago |
| siblings | kyoudai |
Health:
English
|
Japanese
|
symptoms
|
shoujou
|
| chill | samuke |
| cold (virus) | kaze |
| faint | shisshin |
| cramps | keiren |
| discomfort | fukaikan |
| dizziness | memai |
| depression | utsu |
| fatigue | hirou |
| fever | netsu |
| headache | zutsuu |
| inflamed | enshou o okoshita |
| injury | kega |
| itchy | kayui |
| insomnia | fuminshou |
| nausea | hakike |
| night-sweat | nease |
| no appetite | shokuyoku-fushin |
| numbness | shibire |
| pain | itami |
| piercing pain | sasuyouna itami |
| shiver | furueru |
| shoulder tension | katakori |
| stomachache | i-tsuu |
| swollen | hareteire |
| vomit | haku |
Today, tomorrow, yesterday:
| English | Japanese |
| today | kyou |
| tomorrow | ashita |
| yesterday | kinou |
| day before yesterday | ototoi |
| day after tomorrow | asatte |
| this week | konshuu |
| next week | raishuu |
| last week | senshuu |
| week after next | saraishuu |
| week before last | sensenshuu |
| this month | kongetsu |
| next month | raigetsu |
| last month | sengetsu |
| this year | kotoshi |
| next year | rainen |
| last year | kyonen |
| year after next | sarainen |
| year before last | ototoshi |
| every day | mainichi |
| every week | maishuu |
| every month | maitsuki |
| every year | mainen/maitoshi |
| tonight | konban/konya |
| this morning | kesa |
weather:
Rain = ame (雨)
Snow = yuki (雪)
Wind = kaze (風)
Cloud = kumo (雲)
Fog = kiri (霧)
Ice = koori (氷)
Snow fell = yuki ga furimashita (雪が降りました)Rain fell = ame ga futta (雨が降った)
It's good weather eh = ii tenki desu ne (いい天気ですね) Wind is strong = kaze ga tsuyoi (風が強い)
Today the weather is bad = kyou wa tenki ga warui desu
The verb aruku (歩く) means To walk. The word hashiru (走る) means To run.
I am running = boku wa hashitte imasu (僕は走っています) 100 meter run = 100 meetoru hashi (100メートル走)
http://www.learn-japanese.info/bodypic.html
Rain = ame (雨)
Snow = yuki (雪)
Wind = kaze (風)
Cloud = kumo (雲)
Fog = kiri (霧)
Ice = koori (氷)
Snow fell = yuki ga furimashita (雪が降りました)Rain fell = ame ga futta (雨が降った)
It's good weather eh = ii tenki desu ne (いい天気ですね) Wind is strong = kaze ga tsuyoi (風が強い)
Today the weather is bad = kyou wa tenki ga warui desu
The verb aruku (歩く) means To walk. The word hashiru (走る) means To run.
I am running = boku wa hashitte imasu (僕は走っています) 100 meter run = 100 meetoru hashi (100メートル走)
http://www.learn-japanese.info/bodypic.html
Nan means 'what', so the sentence means "What is it?" Do not use nan to refer to people. It is very rude.
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